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Batas Pambansa Bilang 344 - Accessibility Law

Accessibility Law

• ADA

• Minimum requirements

• Eliminates barriers in buildings

• Insures the rights of people with disabilities

• Distinguishes between people with disabilities and able-bodied people

• Brings unnecessary attention or stigma to disabled group

Universal Design

• Not a Law

• Best practices

• Improved usability and safety for all groups in community

• Incorporates design for entire population

• Older People, pregnant women, parents with children in strollers, etc.

Accessibility Law

• Civil rights issue

• Legal mandates

• Focus on minority group and eliminating discrimination

• Codes focused on minimum solutions

• Compliance with standards

Universal Design

• Market driven

• No legal mandate

• Depends on acceptance from a broad group of constituents

• Integrates usability with aesthetics, sustainable design etc.

Accessibility Law Exteriors

• At least one Accessible pathway from main access points to building entrance

• Accessible pathways connects all accessible building and facilities on a site

• Clear width of at least 36 inches

• Cross slopes not exceeding 2% (1:50)

• Transition height of no more than ¼ inch between different flooring surfaces

• At least 80 inches of vertical clearance

Universal Design Exteriors

• Direct access from all access points to all facilities and building entrances

• All pathways accessible

• Separate pedestrian, vehicular and bicycle/skating pathways with clearly marked boundaries

• Lighting along pathways reflected downward onto the path

• Edges of pathways defined with curbs, contrasting textures of or other means

• Avoid irregular textures, rough or uneven traveling surfaces

• Seating area for resting provided at intervals out of the circulation path

Accessibility Law Ramps and Stairs

• Steps with uniform riser heights and uniform tread widths

• No open risers on stairways

• Handrail height between 34 inches and 38 inches

• Clear space of 1-1/2 inches between handrails and adjoining walls

• Ramp at least 36 inches wide and landing at least 60 inches by 60 inches

Universal Design Ramps and Stairs

• Ramps and stairway wide enough to accommodate the expected traffic flow

• Seating at landing of long ramps and stairways

• Handrails, treads and walking surfaces evenly illuminated without strong shadows

• Curb ramp design standardized throughout a site

• Should not project into vehicular traffic

Accessibility Law Street Crossings

• Curb ramps located within the boundary of the marked safe crossing area

• Gratings located on walking surfaces with spaces no greater than ½ inch wide in one direction

• Islands that occur within the path of a marked crossing are cut through level with the street or have curb ramps at both sides and a level area of at least 48 inches between the curb ramps

Universal Design Street Crossing

• Reduce pedestrian crossing distance on major crossing routes by providing expanded corners and / or safety islands

• Locate storm drains outside marked crossings

• Curb cuts and ramps should direct pedestrians into safe crossing areas

• Set crossing signals long enough for slower moving people to cross

• Visual and auditory crossing signals at all busy crossings

Accessibility Law Wayfinding

• The ADA Guidelines and other accessibility codes do not include standards for Wayfinding

• Standards apply to sign letterings and placement only

Universal Design >Wayfinding

• Signs that are simple, functional and readable at distances

• Signs located at major vehicular entrances
  Information center provided at prominent site of entry points

• Orientation maps for motorist, pedestrians and bicyclist at major intersections

• Provide canopies, plazas, fountains, statues, etc, as landmarks to help identify features and buildings

Accessibility Law Entrances and Exits

• No revolving doors unless there is an accessible door adjacent

• Accessible doors require a minimum clear width of 32 inches

• Door hardware no higher than 48 inches above floor (handles, locks, etc.)

• Door opening force of 5 pounds maximum

Universal Design Entrances and Exits

• Wider openings and maneuvering clearances to accommodate various users (person in a wheelchair, child in stroller, adults carrying bags, etc.)

• Lightweight doors

• Automatic sliding doors

• Lever door handles or U-shaped handles

Accessibility Law Parking

• Locate accessible spaces on the closest accessible route of travel to an entrance

• Require 96 inches wide with an access aisle of at least 60 inches wide

• Designated with a sign or access symbol

• Level parking spots and access aisles (slope no greater than 1:50 (2%)

Universal Design Parking

• Emergency phones at large parking facilities
  Accessible shuttle service at large parking facilities (e.g. stadiums and amusement parks)

• Adequate lighting in all parking areas and passenger loading zones

• Routes from accessible parking do not pass behind parked vehicles

• Color coded zones and locator identifiers at large parking facilities

• Identify pedestrian pathways with signs, crosswalks, planters, bollards, etc.)

• Passenger loading zones that do not impede vehicular traffic

Accessibility Law Bus Stops

• Firm Stable surface

• A minimum clear length of 96 inches, measured from the curb

• A minimum clear width of 60 inches measured parallel to the vehicle roadway

• A maximum slope of 1:50 (2%) for water drainage

Universal Design Bus Stops

• Clear bus stop platform of all obstacles (trees, newspaper boxes, etc.)

• Design adjacent sidewalk to bus stop platform wide enough for expected levels of pedestrian activity and for two wheelchair users to pass

• Construct bus shelter of materials that allow for clear unobstructed visibility for patrons waiting

• Provide accurate route and schedule information at bus shelters

• Maintain cleanliness of the stop

Accessibility Law Shopping

• Minimum floor area 30 inches by 48 inches for approach

• Forward approach reach between 15 inches and 48 inches

• Parallel approach reach between 9 inches and 54 inches

• Side reach over an obstruction no higher than 46 inches and no deeper than 24 inches

• Forward reach over an obstruction no deeper than 25 inches

• Forward reach over an obstruction no higher than 48 inches when depth is less than 20 inches

• Forward reach over an obstruction no higher than 44 inches when depth is between 20 inches and 25 inches

Universal Design Shopping

• All products displayed at a reach range of 24 inches to 48 inches

• Products reachable from either standing or seating position
  Signage above each aisle listing contents

• Illumination for people with low vision to read names, labels, etc.

• Width of all aisles at least 60 inches to allow for two people to pass

• Service phones installed for assistance
  Heavier items located at a lower shelf height

Accessibility Law Housing

• Fair Housing accessibility guidelines for multifamily public housing

• No standards for new single family (private) homes

Universal Design Housing

• Incorporates 7 universal design features into all new homes constructed with City of San Antonio financial assistance

• Benefits people with temporary and permanent disabilities

• People who wish to remain in their homes as they age

• Small children and grandparents

• Upfront added cost $200 to $300 for new construction
  Cost to modify a non universally designed home up to $5000 (i.e. ramp, etc)

Honda Callo Voucscalan

Create an Intense “Wings of Fire” Photo Manipulation

Step 1

The first step is to open the girl's image and crop it. We need more space for the fire wings and this is not enough.

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Step 2

Now that we have the needed space our initial image is a bit small so cut out the middle part of the floor and place it in both lower corners.Create a mask and, with a brush, remove the edges so it will blend in.

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Step 3

With dodge and burn add some highlights and shadow on the model.

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Step 4

Cut out the model (use the pen tool ) and delete the background.

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Step 5

Next we will add the new background. Since it is to small for our large surface we need to enlarge it, so CTRL+J to duplicate the layer. Add a mask and erase the edges.

Go to Filters-Blur-Gaussian Blur (radius 5 px ) to give the background more depth.

Now it looks a bit to symmetrical but this can be resolved easily with the clone stamp brush.

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Step 6

The background is dark and our model is too light so to blend her in we need to make her darker. Go to Adjustment Layers – Curves and use the presets like in the image below. Use the Curves on a clipping mask.

Step 7

In this step we need to paint some hair. This is very easy on a graphic table but it can be done with a mouse also. First select (eye dropper) a color from her hair and add some extra strings of hair. Just a few are enough. Look at the image below to see how it should look.

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Step 8

Take your wings stock and arrange them to your liking. After that hit Ctrl+I to invert the colors to create a dark basis for the flames.

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Step 9

Take your flame stock and use the settings below in the Blend If panel form the Layer Style on the flame layer. Hold down the ALT key to split the black handle – this will create a smooth transition.

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Step 10

Add more flame stock and make sure you clip them to the wing (clipping mask). This will give you a basis to add your flames to.

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Step 11

Take some other flame stock and arrange it like in the image below. Again in the Layer Style – Blend If panel move the black handle so it gets rid of all the dark elements in the image below. Remember to hold down ALT while dragging to split the handle and create a smooth transition. Then erase on the mask the parts you don't want showing and choose the Screen blending mode. You can experiment with other blending modes since you got rid of all the dark elements in the stock image from the Layer Style

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Step 12

Just underneath the layer with the flame set on screen blending mode, you can paint with a low opacity black color to create more dimension and lessen the transparency.

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Step 13

Just add more flames around the wing.

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Step 14

When you have something you like, and most of the dark wing is hidden, flatten all the flame layers (or group them) and duplicate it. Use Transform and Flip Horizontal on the copy layer and arrange it. This will look too symmetrical, but it's a good shortcut and we will fix the symmetry in a second by adding more flames.

Step 15

For a better contrast i used a normal black/white Gradient Map –Adjustment Layer just above the background folder containing my wall and sky stock.

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Step 16

Don't forget to add flames over the model layer so it wont look static and fake. I used some small flames over her hand but under the painted hair layer and over her back. I used layers on screen blending mode. Add flames one on top of the other to create a more accentuated fire.

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Step 17

Create a new layer and paint with an orange color over the model's skin to create the bright light coming from the fire. Then set this layer to Overlay blending mode.

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Step 18

Add some fire debris using the brush i created for you (download). Just choose an orange color and paint around the flames. If you create too many particles, just create a layer mask and brush some away.

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Step 19

Add more contrast using a curves adjustments layer.

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Step 20

In this step we’ll add some adjustment layers so our composition will blend in well. First go to Adjustment Layers –Color Balance twice. Make the presets like you see in the images below.

Adjustment Layers –Levels.

Layers > New Adjustment Layer > Gradient Map. (opacity at 40 %).

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Step 21

Create a new layer and select the brush tool. Add some black shadows in the corners. If it's to dark , decrese the layer's opacity.

Step 22

Go to Filter > Blur > Radial Blur and and make the presets like in the image below. We'll use this on the edges.

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Step 23

Next go to Filter > Sharpen > Unsharp Mask. (see the presets below).

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Step 24

This is optional. Add a texture to her face so it will look more dark.

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